Cook pasta according to package instructions. Reserve a cup of pasta water before draining.
Heat olive oil in a large skillet over medium heat. Add the sliced shallots and cook until tender, stirring occasionally, about 10 to 15 minutes. Add the balsamic vinegar and brown sugar to the skillet, stir, and cook for 5 more minutes until most of the moisture has evaporated and the shallots have cooked down (they should be almost sticky).
Transfer the drained pasta to the skillet and pour in a little bit of pasta water. Stir in the parsley and parmesan cheese. Add more pasta water as desired to ensure that the noodles are evenly coated with cheese, herbs, and shallots. Top with more cheese and drizzle with balsamic reduction if desired before serving.
Notes
To increase the protein content, use lentil or chickpea pasta or add white beans or chicken.
Store leftovers in an airtight container in the fridge for 2 to 3 days. Reheat in the microwave for about a minute until warmed through.